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Caldwell-Luc surgery is a surgical procedure primarily performed to treat chronic maxillary sinusitis and certain conditions affecting the maxillary sinus, such as dental infections or the presence of tumors. During the procedure, an intranasal approach is utilized, which means that the surgeon accesses the maxillary sinus through the nasal cavity rather than through an external incision. The surgery begins with the administration of general or local anesthesia to ensure patient comfort. Following anesthesia, the surgeon creates an opening in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, which allows for better drainage and accessibility to the sinus for surgical intervention. The primary goal of this approach is to facilitate the removal of any infected tissue, polyps, or obstructive material that can lead to poor sinus drainage and persistent symptoms. The procedure may also involve the removal of diseased or problematic teeth that are in close proximity to the sinus to prevent further infection and to promote healing. After the maxillary sinus is addressed, thorough irrigation may be performed to clean the area and ensure that all debris and infected material are removed. Once the surgery is completed, the surgeon closes the surgical site, usually using absorbable sutures, without requiring a subsequent surgical intervention for suture removal. Post-operative care is crucial, as patients are typically advised to avoid certain activities that can create pressure changes in the sinus cavities, such as heavy lifting or rigorous exercise. Pain management and possibly the use of antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection following surgery. Recovery time can vary based on individual circumstances, but most patients can expect some improvement in symptoms within a few weeks. While the Caldwell-Luc procedure is considered effective, it may be accompanied by potential risks, which can include bleeding, infection, or damage to surrounding structures. Moreover, with advances in minimally invasive techniques, such as endoscopic sinus surgery, the Caldwell-Luc procedure has become less common, yet it remains an important option under specific clinical scenarios, particularly when dealing with complex maxillary sinus pathologies. It is essential for patients to discuss potential benefits and risks with their healthcare provider to determine if Caldwell-Luc surgery is the most appropriate treatment option for their condition. The decision will be guided by a thorough evaluation, including imaging studies and assessment of symptoms, ensuring that the chosen intervention aligns with the individual's health needs and expectations. Overall, Caldwell-Luc surgery serves as a valuable technique in the armamentarium of otolaryngologists and can lead to significant improvements in quality of life for patients suffering from chronic sinus issues.